Birth Control Methods

There are various birth control methods available for women nowadays. Whatever you choose, make sure you are well-informed by consulting your OB-GYN.

A birth control method like the condom does not only help prevent unwanted pregnancies, but it is also a good way to protect yourself and/or your partner from STDs. The condom is usually advertised as a way to practice safe sex- and the ads slogans say it all, practice safe sex minus the STD and unwanted pregnancy.

Hormone-based methods

Hormone-based methods are quite reliable for birth control. There are two main formulas namely:

Progestin-only hormone-based method include mini-pills, implants [such as Implanon], and injections [such as Depo-Povera]. For women who cannot take estrogen-based birth control, progestin-only hormonal method is one of the best options.
Combination hormone-based method contain two female hormone ingredients namely estrogen and the synthetic progesterone known as progestin. This type of hormone-based method includes skin patches, rings and “the pill”.

Hormone-based methods are prescribed to women for various reasons. Each method has its benefits and side-effects as well.

Combination hormone-based method may help reduce acne, premenstrual symptoms [PMS] and ovulation pain. This method also helps reduce cramps and heavy bleeding.
Progestin-only hormone-based pills are safe for almost every woman, even for breast-feeding mothers. However, this pill should be taken exactly day to ensure its effectiveness.

Vaginal rings and patches work like combination pills, but without taking any pills daily. The vaginal ring is replaced monthly while the patch is replaced every week.
Mood and physical symptoms may be alleviated using birth control pills. Some pills may help alleviate PMS, migraines during monthly periods as well as regulate the flow of blood during their period.
Progestin-only hormone injection such as Depo-Povera requires a medical professional to administer the shot every 3 months.
Progestin-only hormone implant such as Implanon is inserted under the skin of one of your upper arms. The matchstick-sized implant releases hormones for around 3 years. This method also requires a medical professional to administer-insertion and removal of implant.

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Intrauterine device or IUD is a small device which is inserted in a woman’s uterus to prevent pregnancy. An IUD can provide 5 to 10 years of birth control. Latest IUDs are more effective and safer than IUDs of the 70s.

Copper T 380-A IUD is wrapped with copper and progestin IUD [Mirena] releases levonogestrel which is a type of progestin.

IUDs do not stop STDs, so it is still essential to use a condom to avoid being infected.

Progestin IUD helps reduce cramping and heavy menstrual flow. However there are also some side-effects from using this type of IUD such as: spotting, breast tenderness and mood swings.

Copper IUD can cause heavier and longer menstrual periods to some women.

Barrier methods

Barrier birth control methods have less side-effect compared to other methods. However, barrier methods can intrude during intercourse because they are required every time do it. Barrier methods are not very effective, so it is advisable to use them in conjunction with other methods.

diaphragm
cervical cap
Lea’s shield
male condom – used with spermicide or another birth control method to increase effectiveness; should be used to prevent STDs
female condom – should be used to prevent pregnancy and STDs
sponge
gel
film
gel
spermicidal foam - used with condom or another birth control method to increase effectiveness
suppository

Natural methods

Natural methods such as calendar or rhythm method, natural family planning and abstinence are not very reliable. It takes a lot of monitoring and tracking of the woman’s fertility as well as keeping a calendar to take note of the timing of ovulation and menstrual cycle.

When couples are not aware of the precautions and proper timing, it can lead to unplanned pregnancy.

Another natural method is Lactational Amenorrhea Method or LAM. Studies show that it is 98.5 % effective especially during the right conditions. LAM may effectively work as a birth control during the first 6 months after giving birth. You must breast-feed your child every time and avoid using supplements or formula.

Sterilization (or permanent birth control method)

Sterilization requires surgery for women or men who do not want any or more children. It is an effective method of birth control because it is usually permanent. Although reverse surgery may also be done but most of the time it is not successful.

Generally, tubal ligation or female sterilization is complicated compared to vasectomy. The risks and costs are also higher.

Tubal ligation is a surgical birth control technique that involves tying the fallopian tubes to prevent the female eggs from reaching the uterus.

A newer technique involves using tubal implants that are inserted into the fallopian tubes. The scar tissues that form over time provides blockage, hindering the female eggs from going into the uterus. However, it usually takes months for the scar tissues to form and block the passage completely, so it is essential to use another method of birth control at the meantime.

Vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure that involves cutting the vas deferens [tube where the sperm passes from the testicles] to block the sperm from mixing with the seminal fluid. This procedure does not affect the male’s ability to enjoy intercourse or have an erection. Prior to the procedure, a sperm count is done.

When choosing one or two birth control methods, it is imperative to consult with your OB-GYN regarding the pros and cons of each method. Careful planning and decisiveness are also important especially if you are considering permanent birth control or sterilization.

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Understanding Birth Control Methods Recommended Resources:

UC Davis

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